Tag: writing mechanics

Thursday Technicalities: Motivation

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Introduction

The last few weeks, we’ve been discussing characterization. So far, we’ve discussed internal conflict, acting out of character, and secondary characters. Today’s focus will be motivation.

We all have reasons we do the things we do. Those reasons may or may not relate to whatever internal or external conflict going on, but they will drive our responses to every aspect of life. Our characters should be no different. Even if our readers don’t get to see every motive our characters have, the motives should be there. You, at least, need to know them, particularly if the character is a main character.

What is Motivation?

Motivation differs from internal conflict in that internal conflict is wanting two opposing things while motives are the answers to why you want what you do. No one is ever without a why behind their desires, thoughts, and actions, even if they themselves have no idea what that motive is at the time.

Why Motivation Needs to Be In Your Work

Why does motivation need to be in your story even if your readers don’t ever notice it? Simply put, because your readers notice when it isn’t there. They might not always recognize it when it’s just an undercurrent to the character’s actions, but if it isn’t there, they’re going to notice. They’ll spend energy, in many cases, wondering what those motives are. If you’re going to reveal them during the character arc, this may be fine so long as you’ve written the character in a way that makes it clear to the reader they have a hidden agenda. If not, you’re going to have a problem. Readers who don’t drop the book due to feeling that the characters are flat may leave at the end of the book feeling dissatisfied without even knowing why. As such, motivations need to exist in your characters even when they’re only undercurrents.

Developing Motivations

I’ve told you how important motivations are, but now some of you may be wondering, “How do I develop them in my characters?” Some of us may be lucky because our characters show up in our heads with their own personalities and motivations already at least partially there, and our jobs become straightforward: find a way to put that on the page. But for many, that’s not the case.

My suggestion, regardless of which you are, is to start with their internal conflicts. Figure out why they want those two opposing things. From there, expand out to what drives them as a person. What are the goals they have that may motivate them to act? What strongly held beliefs do they have that drive them to draw lines on what they will and will not do? What matters most to them and why does it matter?

Strengthening Motivations

Once you’ve developed motivation, the next step is to strengthen those motivations. Make sure it really matters to the character. The danger here is that the things they want and the reasons they want them might not matter enough. If they don’t, then these motivations won’t work well as motivations because as soon as it’s easier to cave or to head another direction, the character will. So take a good look at the reasons behind the actions they’re going to take and ask how you can make those reasons matter so much that changing motivations would require a major turning point (at least for the core motivations that will drive core actions).

For example… In my current WIP, Trader Prince of Aleshtain, the male lead wants his freedom more than anything else. But the reasons why he wants his freedom are more powerful than the desire itself. He wants his freedom because he’s trying to flee his father’s oppressive thumb, escape assassination because those behind the throne don’t want him to take his rightful place on it, and find a way to be able to marry the woman he loves. The actions he takes striving for his freedom are motivated by a desire for freedom, but the desire itself is motivated by even deeper convictions and needs. Those convictions and needs matter so much, and come to matter even more in the course of the book, that staying and doing his duty becomes practically impossible. In my character’s case, his internal conflict is tied up in this motivation of wanting freedom and the further motivations behind that because, as the Crown Prince, he also feels strongly bound by duty to stay and try to lead the country even though it doesn’t want him or the kind of king he would be. But in your character’s case, you don’t have to necessarily tie their motives entirely to the internal conflict. There should be motivations behind the two opposing forces in their internal conflict, certainly, but the motivations that mostly drive their actions do not have to be solely tied to said internal conflict.

Conclusion

I hope you’ve seen how key motivations are to your work. Even if readers don’t notice them consciously, the motivations need to be there for your story to work. Take some time to look at your characters. Are their motivations clear to you? Are they clear in the text (with the exception of any motives you’re intentionally hiding for a later reveal)? Have you made them matter enough? If the answer to those questions is no or maybe not, then you’ve got work you can do to improve the story. So do it! It will only make the story stronger.

A New Ebook

Featured Ariel Paiement

I’m working on a new ebook for you guys that takes all of the topics I’ve discussed on Thursday Technicalities so far and places them into a streamlined, step-by-step ebook that covers the major topics every fiction writer should understand. Once I’ve got it ready, it’ll go up for sale on the store here. I’ll also be working on getting a print version online with Amazon so that you can order print copies if you prefer them.

However, here’s what I want to know. What is an ebook with all the content I usually discuss worth to you? I’m considering including templates for some of the things I walk you guys through, as well. Would those be helpful to you? What kind of content would you like to see added to expand on topics I’ve already talked about here? The point of the ebook isn’t just to generate sales, though, of course, let’s be real… This is a business I’m trying to grow. Of course I want sales. But the reason I do this isn’t mainly because I want the money. I do it because I love it and I love helping you guys learn from all of the things I’ve spent several hundred dollars on learning in the course of my writing career. Some of it you get for free just because I share about it on the blog. Some of it will be in this ebook or in the course content I’m working on developing.

So my question to those of you who are writers is this. What would it be worth to you to go through an ebook/paperback that would cover all of the main topics you need to not only become a better writer but to also make sure you’ve covered all your bases and are doing the things that will make you successful? What do you need to do better as a writer that I can discuss in order to make this book as useful as possible?

Saturday Setups – Global Mapping: Terrain Features Pt. 2

Ariel Paiement

Introduction

As a quick announcement, the worldbuilding posts will be moving to Saturdays to be a part of the blog section Saturday Setup, which will deal with different aspects of setting up your story world. The posts will, for now, be up every other week, just as they have been so far. With that out of the way, let’s get started!

Last time we took a look at global mapping, we looked at some of the main terrain features of a map. If you haven’t read Saturday Setups Global Mapping – Terrain Features Pt. 1, you should start there since the features you lay down based on that post will affect what ends up happening here. If you’ve already read it, you should be well on your way to creating a working map for your world, and you’re ready for this step.

With your mountains, rivers, and forests in place, it’s time to consider the last part of your terrain. What type of land are you working with? Tundra, foothills, deserts, or rainforests?

Deciding What Terrain Should Be Placed Where

When considering an area of land, one of the more important decisions is what kind of terrain it will be. Should it be a desert wasteland, a swamp, or a sunny lakeside oasis? Much of this will depend on the land features you already placed. If you have a mountain range nearby, the terrain right below the mountain range is considerably more likely to be hilly than it is to be a flat grassland or frozen tundra.

So, how do you decide what terrain goes where? Let’s take a look at the main kinds of terrains and where they’re most likely to occur. Then, you can put these principles into practice and start marking them in on your map. In the resources section, there will be some links to map-making sites to give you ideas for how to mark different types of terrain as you work.

Deserts

Typically, deserts are areas of terrain without much vegetation due to a lack of water. However, they can also form due to salt poisoning or exhaustion of the soil. They can be sandy or stretches of hard-baked ground, bare rock, or even snow.

Deserts are often located on the equator line because, on an Earth-like planet, the flow of warm and cool air causes the dry, arid climate conducive to a desert that’s incredibly hot. These are the subtropical deserts. For frozen deserts, they’re more often located near the poles or in areas of extreme cold (Siberia in Russia is one example of this on Earth).

There’s another factor in the creation of deserts. Mountains. Those ranges of peaks you placed? Yes, those have an impact on where your deserts may be located. While the air pressure caused by warm and cool air at the equator is one cause for those massive stretches of barren wasteland, mountains are another common cause.

But not every mountain range has a desert on one side of it, so how do you decide if yours should? This has to do with the moisture available in the air and the wind flow. Deserts formed by mountains occur due to the flow of wind over the mountains. As air flows up over the peaks, it leaves much of the moisture in it on the mountain peaks in the form of snow.

This leaves the air coming down from the mountain with much less moisture than it initially had, so as it moves further inland from the mountain range, it can end up creating deserts. This is considered the rain shadow of the mountain. If you choose to create this sort of mountain (and it’s likely you’ll have at least a few), keep in mind that it should always be on leeward side of the mountain.

The third kind of desert is a coastal desert. This one is formed when cold ocean currents contact the warmer air to create a dense layer of fog. These deserts may not get any rain, but they’re usually still wet because of the fog that has caused them to be unable to grow vegetation.

Finally, you have interior deserts. These occur far inland in places where moisture-laden wind simply can’t reach. This kind of desert may also lay in a rain shadow in part or whole. The Gobi desert in Asia is one example of an interior desert. It’s hundreds of kilometers from the sea, making it too far away to gain a moisture-laden wind. The Gobi desert is also in the rain shadow of the Himalayas.

Plains

Plains are flat ranges of land that can be grassland, forest, desert, or tundra. There are also flood plains and volcanic plains. I’ve already covered deserts above, and tundra is just frozen expanses of land that could also classify as polar deserts depending on the vegetation level. (Surprisingly, tundra can support a variety of mosses and small shrubs.) However, let’s take a look at the grassland, forested, flood, and volcanic plains.

To begin, let’s look at the most common type seen on Earth. Grassland plains. These plains are identified by the main type of vegetation: grass. Depending on the region and climate, grassland plains can go by a few different names. For instance, the temperate plains in the US are considered just grassland or prairie. These have warm summers and cold winters. But the temperate plains in Asia are considered steppes, since they don’t receive enough rain to grow any tall trees or bushes. Lastly, the subtropic plains in Africa or other regions are called savannas because they’re warm and have scattered trees.

The second type of plain is the forested plain. These ones can occur in many places but are characterized by their variety of trees, shrubs, and vegetation.

Rivers create the third type of plain. Floodplains occur when a river overflows its banks and begins depositing nutrient-rich soil as it does. If the river floods often enough, the sediment can build up to create a floodplain. The Nile River is one notable example of this.

Volcanic plains, the last kind of plain I’ll discuss here, occur because lava has shoved its way up from underground to flow out over the land. This creates land that’s darker than the rest of the land around it, due to the basalt, a mineral found in lava that breaks down into the earth. The soil can be very nutrient-rich and is capable of sustaining vegetation.

Marshes and Swamps

Marshes are wetlands formed on the edges of bodies of water like rivers or lakes. They often help to transition from aquatic to land life. Generally, marshes can grow reeds, low-lying bushes, rushes, and grasses. They’re divided into three categories based on salinity. Salt marshes are the only marshes that are usually only located at mid-to-high altitudes. The other two types are freshwater marshes and tidal marshes, which are affected by the tides.

Swamps, on the other hand, are regions with a mixture of shallow bodies of water and land masses. They move slowly and sustain plenty of bugs and leeches. Many other animals also call the swamp home, and the vegetation that grows there varies widely. Generally, swamps are dangerous areas that should be admired from a distance. Not only are there many dangerous animals, but swamps also contain quicksand or similar features that lead to drowning. Swamps are also considered wetlands and may also be called bogs or, in some cases, salt marshes.

Conclusion

Using this as a guide, you should be able to map out most of the main features needed for your world. Of course, there will always be more you can learn about different types of terrain, but this should be enough to give you a good start. The other features are often found within these main biomes or terrains, making it simple to add them later on the map or on a localized map.

Further Reading

Photoshop Map Tutorial (A good place to start learning to map digitally if you enjoy digital art.)

Mapping trees (Helpful for marking out those wooded plains.)

Fantastic Maps Tutorials (A bunch of random map-making tutorials to help you get started.)

Examples of Map Symbols

Thursday Technicalities: Imposter Syndrome

Ariel Paiement

Introduction

We’re going to take a break from some of the really technical stuff this week to discuss a problem all writers go through at some point: imposter syndrome. This is the point where you’ve finished writing something or you’ve published a book, maybe two or three, and you suddenly think something along these lines: 

  • What am I even doing? 
  • No one is going to read this. 
  • Can I even consider myself an author? 
  • All I’ve done is post my book up on Kindle with Amazon, so I probably don’t qualify as a real writer. If I tell people I am, I’m probably lying to them!
  • I’m too young to say this is my career.
  • What am I thinking trying to make money off this? I’ll never make it.
  • No publishing house wanted me, and there must be a reason, so why am I even bothering?
  • Indie publishing isn’t real publishing, so can I really say I’m a published author?
  • My good reviews are probably all coincidence.
  • I’m not as good as a real author.
  • I don’t have enough books out.
  • I got bad reviews, so that must mean my writing is awful.

And so on and so forth. These may seem out there to you now if you’ve never experienced this before, but most of us go through it. These thoughts and questions are ones that real authors and writers I’ve spoken to have said run through their minds, even after they have several or even many books out. It happens somewhere after the occurrence of the giddy feeling of finally being in print or releasing a new book. And, frankly, it sucks. You become your own worst critic and not in any kind of healthy way either.

Addressing the Problem

So, we’re going to talk about a few of the reasons for not believing the lies you tell yourself and about how to handle these feelings when they come up. Let me preface this discussion, however, by leveling with you. If you’re just putting your book out there for your 60 seconds of fame and you aren’t doing any work or trying to really do well, these feelings are merited. Then again, if you’re one of those individuals, you probably don’t feel any of this because you already know all you need to know and have a great book. Sarcasm aside, chances are, if you’re feeling these things, you’re actually doing something right. You recognize that you have areas where you can improve or spots where you’re maybe not doing so well. The problem is, you have to know when there is a legitimate concern and when there is not.

I can’t address all of the thoughts that will run through your mind on this topic, but let’s talk about some of the most common misconceptions that can lead to feelings of inferiority or self-hatred like we saw in the statements and questions above. Some of these may get a little bit blunt or very real in the responses to the issues. You’ve been warned! But seriously, I do address some of these in very real terms with concrete facts to help you to understand how you can combat the false thinking and the lies that plague writers who have imposter syndrome.

1. Indie publishing isn’t real publishing.

This is just plain wrong. Indie publishing IS publishing. Now, it doesn’t have the benefit of the gatekeeping function editors and agents provide, so there’s plenty of junk out there. There are plenty of people who publish just to be able to say they’re published. This has, of course, given a bad rap to those who indie publish, whether they’re one of those individuals or not.

However, you should know that if you’re really doing the leg work, indie publishing is usually just as much, if not more, work than traditional publishing because the author has to find their own editor or edit the entire book themselves, get a cover designer or figure out how to create their own, and be their own salesman. You have to do so many different things and wear so many different hats as an indie author. It’s hard work.

So don’t buy into the lie that it isn’t publishing or that you shouldn’t consider yourself a published author just because you indie published.

More and more people, including many good authors, are going this route because publishing houses aren’t providing them with the support and solid editing framework they need. They turn to freelancers to help them with the areas where they can’t do it, and then they do what’s called going wide (selling on as many online platforms as possible). But enough about indie publishing on this point. Let’s move to the next point.

2. I’m not as good as a real author.

First off, why are you comparing yourself to others in a negative way? Does being better than someone else or worse than them make you more or less an author somehow? No.

Being an author has nothing to do with whether or not you’re better than another author.

In fact, I’ve seen more than enough books from authors published by traditional means that suck. It’s not a pretty fact, but it is a fact nonetheless. Authors both indie and traditional can be bad writers. Unfortunate, but true.

Don’t judge your status as an author based on where you rank in comparison to the authors you grab off a Barnes and Noble bookshelf. (And p.s. Some of the titles you find on a Barnes and Noble bookshelf may actually be indie published books. More and more indie authors are getting their print and digital titles into physical bookstores and their online equivalents.)

Focus on improving yourself and looking at those better than you for new ways to grow and improve your own work. Do not focus on how much you stink at writing in comparison to someone else.

3. Good reviews are a coincidence and bad reviews mean my writing sucks.

Just no… Listen, your book can’t be all things to all people. Unless you’re getting only negative reviews, all of which are saying various parts of your writing like plot or characterization stink, do not assume your negative reviews mean you suck at writing! Usually, they’re an indication that a particular individual did not like your writing. It wasn’t their cup of tea, and they felt the need to tell everyone.

That’s fine.

Same goes for mixed reviews where they say both good and bad things (to be fair, these are the majority of my reviews unless I just loved the book too much to pay attention to flaws). There will always be someone who is discontent with something and feels the need to vocalize it.

Think of it this way. They’ll get rid of readers who will dislike the work for the same reasons. So less bad reviews for you.

Oh, and the good reviews are not coincidence. Just as the bad reviews are someone’s negative opinion about your book, good reviews are someone’s positive opinion about the book. Unless you bribed them to write it, which I doubt is the case, it’s not coincidence. So you should be proud of yourself and excited to see those good reviews come in. They’re honest expressions of someone’s delight with your work. Don’t let imposter syndrome steal the joy out of seeing those types of reviews!

4. No publishing house wanted me, so that must mean my writing is worthless.

Nope. It doesn’t. I mean, maybe it’s true in some cases, but publishing houses are looking for one thing and one thing only: what they think they can sell. For new writers, they add a criteria to that: what they think they can sell with minimal money spent.

Most publishing houses are about the bottom line, not about you. And furthermore, one of the reasons authors are moving to indie publishing has to do with the fact that many publishing houses don’t have the time to really edit or work with a manuscript, so they’ll only buy a manuscript they can pretty much throw into print after a proofread and basic edit.

They’re not going to put resources into an untried author, and many times, they aren’t even willing to do that for authors they’ve worked with for a while because authors move on to the highest bidder. Why develop talent for your competitor?

So, if publishing houses aren’t accepting you, it doesn’t automatically mean your work is trash. It often just means it isn’t what they’re looking for, isn’t something they think they can sell as is, or isn’t something they think they can sell with minimal advertising or marketing on their part. 

5. I don’t have enough books out or I’m not old enough to claim this as my career.

Okay, to be quite honest, this one is a very real concern for many. I’ve felt inadequate due to this one before. But here’s the thing. Age isn’t the determining factor in whether or not you’re a good writer, necessarily. Experience is!

You can have a fifteen-year-old who is a better writer than a thirty-year-old. Why? Because the fifteen-year-old has been working at it for the last five years and has been seriously trying to improve while the thirty-year-old has no experience in writing and is just starting out.

I’ve edited for clients quite a bit older than me before, and I’m able to do a lot to make their writing and their narrative better. Why? Not because I have a super power or am special, certainly. It’s because I’ve been doing this much longer than they have and have far more knowledge than they do in this area as a result. So age shouldn’t be the first thing you look at to determine whether or not its your career.

As for the other issue, you don’t go anywhere if you let yourself become paralyzed because you don’t have many books out. Every author must start with a debut novel and build up from there. Buy into this lie and insecurity, and you’ll be writing books until you’re grey and old but none of it will ever be published.

Publish that first book when it’s ready, and publish another when it’s ready. Have a publishing goal and a schedule for when you want to have things out so you’re consistently building up content, but stop worrying about how much you have out right now. It will build up as you go. I promise!

6. I’ll never make it. Why did I ever think I’d make money off this?

Last one! This one is a huge concern for almost any author. When you don’t see those sales numbers moving and you’re wondering how you can make the sales you need to gain traction, this one’s a really tough one to work around. I’ve been here, and I continue to be here as things don’t do so well at times. It’s depressing to see those low numbers.

But here’s the thing.

Other people have made it.

Not a tiny fraction either. Granted, you may not. Some people just never do, and if that’s what an honest assessment reveals about your trajectory, then fine. Keep writing but find another job you can do to bring in your main supply of income. It’s okay to do that, whether permanently or temporarily. But don’t buy into the idea that you can’t ever make it just because you haven’t yet.

Please know, I don’t advocate pinning your hopes on a pipe dream. I do believe that you should work on this over time. Work a regular job with decent pay while you get it off the ground. Don’t be stupid about how you go about it. But keep reaching for that end goal because people have made it, and if you are able to learn what works well for you as you experiment and work on getting to the goal, you can too. 

Conclusion

Okay, so this was a really long post! But hopefully this has been helpful to you. This is a common problem among writers of every kind, and it’s not talked about as often as it should be. It’s tough to admit our insecurities to the writing community, especially if one of those insecurities is that we’ll be invalidated as a writer.

But it’s also really important to talk about it. It’s important to address the fears we have so we’re not paralyzed by them and kept by success only because we were too insecure or scared to move on. Don’t let that be you!

Thursday Technicalities: Show Vs Tell

Ariel Paiement

Introduction

This week, we’re going to switch gears and talk about something that’s often discussed in the writing world. Show versus tell. Three words that both confuse and terrify lots of beginning writers. After all, it seems that everyone has a different idea of what exactly this means and how to go about achieving this. Not only that, some people say to eliminate all telling while others say some is okay. How do you know what’s right for your work and what the balance looks like? Well, there’s not necessarily a set of hard and fast rules. But before you panic about that, let’s take a look at what can be said about showing versus telling and some of the ways you can utilize it regardless of what you’re writing. We’ll also take a look at some instances where telling is okay. This will be a longer post because I’m going to give examples to make sure that everything is as clear as I can make it.

What Does Show vs. Tell Mean?

Simply put, when you show, you are describing. You’re giving the reader a picture instead of dictating to him what he must, necessarily, see. This probably doesn’t make much sense immediately, and if it doesn’t, I don’t blame you. Those who have been writing for a long time probably know what I mean and have fought the battle of editing for those pesky lines where they didn’t manage to achieve it. That’s just part of the writer’s life. But for those of you who are just starting out or who don’t know much about the technical side of writing, you’re justifiably confused.

So, let’s see if we can’t make this clear with an illustration.

This is telling:

Kendall was nervous.

All you have done here as the author is to state a fact. We now know Kendall is nervous, but this doesn’t necessarily paint a specific image. We can’t determine what Kendall is doing, how the viewpoint character (or narrator) might know such a thing, or why we should believe this to be fact. Aside from the fact that the narrator has stated it, we don’t have any solid footing here.

Compare the example above to this:

Kendall crossed her arms and gripped her upper arms tightly. With each passing moment, her grip tightened. She kept glancing at the clock on the wall, and Darren looked too. Why wouldn’t she stop staring at it? Was his company that disconcerting? She stopped looking at the clock and lifted a hand to toy with the blue pendant dangling at her throat. He cleared his throat to ask her to quit fidgeting, and Kendall jumped, leaning away for a moment before taking a step back with a shaky laugh and a darting glance at him. Did she think he hadn’t noticed her reaction to him? He just wished he understood why she was acting this way.

Okay, so we don’t necessarily know why Kendall is nervous here, but we do know it has something to do with Darren’s presence, and we also know for a fact that she is nervous. But Darren never states it. Instead, he notices the strange behavior she’s displaying, all of which points to her nervousness. 

One other important thing is different between these two samples. I’m sure you noticed that there’s a huge difference in length. Generally speaking, when you tell, your word count will be lower than if you had shown the same thing. Now, it may not be as drastic as what I have here. If Darren were a less observant person, he might only notice how she leans away from him or the darting of her gaze to the clock. He might only see one or two key behaviors that make him think, Wow, Kendall’s really nervous today. 

But we all pick up on clues from the people around us that tell us about what they’re feeling, especially in relation to us or to the other individuals around them. We may not consciously understand what we’re seeing, but we understand subconsciously. 

So, in this particular instance, you can use that to your advantage to show instead of tell. If this were to have been in Kendall’s point-of-view, things would be changed around a bit to leave out Darren’s speculations/questions and insert her own regarding Darren. But you would still show some of the same actions.

Hopefully, you get the idea regarding showing versus telling. You don’t want to overwrite, however. (For example, the passage above would be overwritten unless the character is of the Sherlock Holmes level of observational skill. But this was done intentionally to highlight the difference between the two methods.) Usually, showing is a matter of slipping the description in with a few lines here and there. Let’s go ahead and move on to talking about that next!

How to Show

As mentioned earlier, you don’t want to overwrite when you show. The passage I gave you earlier is definitely overwritten. Part of the problem, of course, is that it’s just straight text. There would, in a real situation, be some dialogue between these two. So let’s look at how I would write a short clip from a scene involving these two and the concept that Kendall is nervous.

Kendall crossed and uncrossed her arms for the fifth time in ten minutes. Her gaze flicked to the clock then back to the floor in front of her beanbag chair. Darren sighed. “Are you even listening to me?”

She stiffened and nodded vigorously.

He frowned and crossed his arms. “I don’t think you are.”Her eyes shifted up to his face and then away again. “I am.”

“Do you know why I’m upset?”She sneaked another peek at the clock behind him. “Have somewhere to be?”

Another shake of her head. She quit looking at the clock and moved to playing with the necklace he’d given her last year on her eighteenth birthday. Now he knew something was up.

A heavy silence fell over them. She shifted in her seat, and he just watched her fidget. Did she think he didn’t notice her reaction to him? Finally, he cleared his throat. “Seriously, don’t you understand why I’d be upset over your behavior?”

She started, her gaze flying to his face, and then she leaned back with a shaky laugh. “I’m sorry for…for showing up late for the party.”

Again, this is longer than it would be if you just used dialogue tags and told us what everyone in the scene felt. But this time, dialogue splits it up and balances out the showing you’re doing. I also removed some of the less necessary details while keeping key details such as fidgeting, playing with her necklace, shaky laughter, darting glances, and crossed arms. These all give off the impression of nervousness and a closed or wary mentality, at least for this current scene.

What if You Aren’t Showing A Person’s Emotional State?

I’m sure the question has now come to mind… What if I need to use showing for something that doesn’t involve a person’s emotional or physical state? Descriptive writing, thankfully, extends into the realm of dealing with the physical objects and settings around us as well. Let’s take a look at another show vs. tell example.

Telling:

The knife was shiny. (Notice that many times forms of the verb “was” show up in telling sentences.)

Showing:

Light glinted off the razor edge of the dagger. (Again, this is longer than the previous version, but notice that this time around, I went straight to writing something that would fit well in a scene. It isn’t overwritten, and it uses vivid verbs to get the idea across.)

You can use this concept to great effect in your writing. By making sure that most of your sentences show instead of tell, your writing will become more descriptive and more engaging. Readers will get a better picture in their minds of what you’re trying to show them in your story, and you’ll get more positive responses to your work.

A Note on When to Use Telling Instead

Sometimes, there is a good call for telling instead of showing. You don’t always have to show every detail. For example, it’s permissible to simply tell us the sky is red. If showing would lead to overwriting or a weakening of the flow, don’t do it. We want good, strong writing, not purple prose that no one wants to read. 

Another reason, in brief, for using telling is that a viewpoint character might not notice all the signs that would indicate a state of mind or emotion in another person. For instance, perhaps Darren from our prior example isn’t good with body language. Maybe he doesn’t notice anything except the way Kendall keeps looking at the clock. That doesn’t tell us she’s nervous, and maybe he doesn’t equate the other actions to anything strange because he just doesn’t notice. If that’s the case, he might not know why she strikes him as nervous. In this situation, you might have to proceed by making a statement like this: Darren couldn’t quite put his finger on why, but something about Kendall screamed nervous. 

If you have to use this technique, do your best to stay in deep POV. (If you haven’t yet, read that article here.) Notice that in the example above, I said “screamed nervous”. Phrases like these can lend to the telling sentence the voice of the viewpoint character and make it seem more like something the character might say if they were, indeed, unsure of why they thought what they did. This is a useful technique to avoid pulling readers out of the present, here-and-now with the character if you have to tell instead of show.

Conclusion

I hope this has helped to clear any uncertainty or confusion for you on the topic of show vs. tell. This is a tough topic, and there’s a lot that could be said about it. I covered the main points for those who don’t know anything about it or who struggle in this area. 

Do you have more tips on how to show instead of tell? If so, feel free to leave them in the comments below! Other writers’ perspectives can often add further levels of understanding and additional insight for beginners, so please pitch in if you have tips!

Thursday Technicalities: Writer’s Block

Ariel Paiement

Introduction

Every writer no matter their skill level has heard of writer’s block and has probably dealt with it too. We’ve all been there, bemoaning our inability to write and wondering why we just don’t seem to have the motivation. And we’ve all spent forever scrolling through blogs and even the occasional YouTube video looking for ways to beat writer’s block.

Depending on who you ask, writer’s block is either a very real problem or a non-existent problem used to excuse laziness. Truth be told, it can be either. Sometimes, you do just need to sit down and force yourself to write. If you’re writing only when the muse strikes, then you’re probably in this category. But if you’re not doing this and you genuinely can’t seem to make yourself sit down and write that next scene or chapter in your current work-in-progress, you may be wondering what to do. It isn’t laziness that’s stopping you. But what is?

The Root Causes

This problem of identifying why you don’t feel like writing or can’t seem to write anything at all is a genuine problem, but it’s a problem that has several root causes.

Root Cause #1: You’ve burned yourself out.

If this is you, it’s okay to take a break. Put the book you’re working on down for a few days and spend the usual time you have for writing on something relaxing. Watch a movie, go for a run, or just do something that helps you recharge.

Then, once you have recharged, do your best to balance things better so you don’t burn out. It’ll be more productive in the long run, and your work’s quality will be higher because writing won’t make you as stressed.

Root Cause #2: Something is wrong with the plot point.

If you aren’t burned out and in need of a break, and you aren’t just procrastinating, then a problem with the plot point is the only other cause for writer’s block. You might be wondering what I’m talking about. You’ve worked out the plot, and you didn’t think there were any problems.

I probably would’ve been with you on the confusion about six months ago. But about that point, I was reading through Rachel Aaron’s 2,000 to 10,000: How to Write Faster, Write Better, and Write More of What You Love. Granted, the book wasn’t about writer’s block, but Rachel did discuss this point, and she made the same point I’m making. I read through her argument and thought, I don’t know if I really think that’s the cause. I mean, it’s an interesting viewpoint, but I don’t think that’s the issue.

Then I got stuck with one of my current works-in-progress. And I discovered just how right Rachel was. I didn’t want to write because I wasn’t interested in what I was writing. And once I worked through it, I came out with something much better and with steps to use for writer’s block in the future.

Simply put, if you’re not excited about writing that section, then you’ve found your problem. After all, if you were happy with or engaged in the plot at that point in the writing process, you wouldn’t be dragging your feet and feeling like it’s plain torture to write a word on the page.

 Unfortunately, this problem isn’t as simple to fix as the others. But there are a few troubleshooting steps you can go through to help fix this issue. These aren’t hard and fast steps, and you may develop your own as you deal with writer’s block. But these are the ones I developed as I worked through this root cause for writer’s block, so I’ll share them with you to get you started.

Before I go into those, however, let me say that the problem with your plot section might not be a logistical issue. By that, I mean that your plot section might fit great with where you want to go. It doesn’t create a technical “error” with the plot. But it still doesn’t grab your attention, and if it doesn’t grab yours, I guarantee it doesn’t grab the reader’s! If you can’t find the interest to write it, chances are you’ll communicate that lack of enthusiasm and boredom to your readers too.

Fixing the Problem

So now let’s look at how you can fix this.

Step #1: Identify what makes the plot point and its corresponding scenes so boring.

Why aren’t you excited to write this? What is the scene or series of scenes missing that would make it a joy to write instead of a drudgery? If you can figure this out, you’re on the right track for fixing it.

Step #2: Figure out if anything needs to change with the plot.

If you’re making changes to the plot point and its corresponding scenes, you may also need to change the way the rest of the plot flows from that point. Not all changes will be drastic enough to necessitate major changes, but it’s always best to double check that the new version of the plot point and its scenes fits fine with what you have planned. Even if it doesn’t, changing the point to make it something that actually holds interest is always the better choice.

Don’t stick with what isn’t working just because you feel locked into the plot or because you feel it’s necessary to get to your ending. If it’s really important for that thing to happen and for the book to end in that way, then find another way to get there that does hold your attention and makes you excited to write. Otherwise, just change things. Don’t be afraid to do that. Better to change it now than to force yourself to write what’s not working and end up with a weaker story in the end.

Step #3: Write.

Once you have things figured out, you should start writing right away. Don’t give procrastination a chance to set in. Chances are that if you’ve already made changes that you like, you’ll be excited to write, so put the momentum to good use. Your excitement over the new scene may mean you faster than usual, so why waste that advantage? Besides, the details you worked out will still be fresh in your mind, so writing the scene should be easier.

But most importantly, starting to write immediately helps to get you back into the schedule and to avoid any further writer’s block as a result of not sticking with your usual patterns of writing.

Conclusion

Those are the three steps you can use to help you deal with writer’s block when it isn’t a matter of laziness or burnout. But above all, remember that you are capable of working through this! Being stuck doesn’t mean you’re a bad writer. Everyone gets stuck sometimes. The goal is just to get unstuck so you can continue doing what you love. And fortunately, all the root causes of writer’s block are solvable. So just keep writing and don’t give up.

Have a solution you use for writer’s block or a question about writer’s block? Feel free to leave a comment!

Thursday Technicalities: Choosing Viewpoint Characters

Ariel Paiement
Publishing Journey

Introduction

Choosing viewpoint characters can be a difficult task even for seasoned authors. For those who are just starting out or who have never delved far into viewpoints and point-of-view, it can be a landmine of problems to navigate: problems that can lead to deadly explosions within the piece they’re working on. Viewpoint makes or breaks the novel, so it’s extremely important to choose the right viewpoint. Let’s get right into it!

What is Viewpoint?

Think of viewpoint like a camera lens. That lens will follow around one character at a time, and only one character. It will shine a light onto their inner thoughts and onto their view of the world as well as what is happening in that world. But it can only do it for one person at a time, so it’s limited in its scope. 

Choosing what that lens shows the reader and who that lens shows them is one of the most important decisions for each scene. If your camera focuses in on someone who’s missing all the action or who doesn’t see the parts of it that move the story forward, the scene becomes lifeless and can’t carry its own weight across the page. So, now that we know what viewpoint is, let’s take a look at some factors that can help you choose which character should be the viewpoint character in the scene.

A Word About Omniscient

Before we get into all of the details, let’s take a look at viewpoint in omniscient POV. In omniscient, as we discussed in the article on point-of-views, you can’t delve into the internal thoughts of any of the characters. Instead, the reader will experience the emotions, thoughts, and behaviors of characters through the lens of an all-knowing, all-seeing narrator. This narrator, then, becomes the frame through which we will see the big picture. He or she will guide us through the world, showing us what we need to see and telling us about important things in clever or intriguing ways. 

Because of this, your viewpoint in omniscient will remain the narrator’s throughout the entirety of the novel. While you may show your reader what various characters think or do, they will not be the viewpoint characters because the narrator is telling us that’s what they thought or did.

Who is Central to the Scene?

This is the first in a series of questions to ask yourself about the scene you are writing. Who or what is central to the scene? The answer may be that several characters or animate objects/sentient lifeforms are central to the scene. If so, that’s fine. This question alone doesn’t necessarily contain the answer to your ultimate question, but it is the first layer in the onion that is your question.

So how does answering this question help? Well, your viewpoint character should always be important to the scene. The character should never be just a side character that’s observing for the heck of it. They should be integral parts of the scene in some way or another, though those ways may vary.

What Does the Character Reveal in the Scene?

The second question to ponder regarding the characters you listed above is this: what do these characters tell you that you don’t already know? If the scene were in their point-of-view, would it move the story forward? Would we gain as much from it as we would if it were told in someone else’s perspective? If so, then that character is likely not the best fit for your viewpoint. 

A scene should always tell us something new or move the plot forward in some way. Preferably, it should do both. If a character can’t help you toward that goal as the viewpoint character, they have no place in that role. They’ll only bog down your story, so strike them from your list.

How Does This Connect to the Bigger Picture?

The final question you ought to consider is how this will factor into the bigger picture. Will your viewpoint character’s revealed information or forward motion weave into the story seamlessly to provide the reader with hints and nudges toward the ending? Does that character work alongside the other viewpoint characters to draw us deeper into the story until we finally come up for air at the end? If not, then this character too would make a poor fit, even if he or she made it through all of the other stages. 

Results

At this point, you should have several very good candidates. Chances are you may only have one character who made it through all of the stages. If so, that’s the character you should use, assuming you were honest with yourself in previous sections. 

But if you still have a few characters left to pick from, go with the one you feel fits the scene best. Choose a character you find easy to write or one that, in your gut, you know fits in with the people and the mechanisms involved in the scene in question to move the plot and the characters forward. 

Conclusion

This may seem like a lot of work, but in reality, it often takes me only a minute or two to decide who should be my viewpoint character in a scene once I have the character established and know the story. Knowing the process and what questions to keep in mind when answering will speed up the process, even if at first it takes a little while to think through everything.

The main takeaway, besides the questions, is that this is entirely possible and can be achieved by even beginning writers. It takes some thought and some preparation ahead of time, prior to writing, but it isn’t impossible. You might never have thought about viewpoint before now, but that’s the good news for you. You can learn it and get to a point where you choose the viewpoint character correctly the majority of the time.

Have a question or another tip on how to choose your viewpoint character? Feel free to leave it in the comments.

Thursday Technicalities: Choosing Your POV

Ariel Paiement

Introduction

Last week, we discussed the different options for point-of-view, and this week, we’re going to go over how you choose one. This can be a bit of a struggle for many writers because the options offer widely varying strengths and weaknesses in some cases. This means that you need to assess your story to determine what point-of-view will really allow you to give the reader the fullest experience possible. By assessing the strengths and weaknesses of each point-of-view option, you will be better able to choose one to fit your needs. So let’s get started!

First Person POV

To start with, let’s look at first person. The obvious strength here is that you get to see intimately inside the character’s head and his/her heart. The character will be the one to tell the story and show us the world that his/her story takes place within. This is great when you want the reader to be close and personal with a small cast of characters. It’s usually suited well to one or two viewpoint characters who switch off, though some authors have used it for more than that.

The downfall of first person pov is that you can’t show us what is going on inside the minds of anyone except the viewpoint character, the “I”, in the chapter. Typically, to avoid confusing readers, you need to stick with one viewpoint per chapter in first person because changing becomes too hard to follow in most situations since both viewpoint characters would be referred to as “I”. To avoid throwing the character out of the novel, you want transitions to be seamless, which usually necessitates using chapters as the break for changing viewpoints instead of scenes as you do in third person. First person can also limit your cast because having too many characters to follow when chapters are the break off point for a new viewpoint. It isn’t that a larger cast is impossible, but it is difficult, so most writers avoid it with this point of view.

Second Person POV

As mentioned in my previous post, second person is really best suited to choose your own adventure novels or similar styles of writing. It doesn’t fit well at all with most other writing because readers will, at some point, find themselves unable to suspend their belief in order to enjoy the book. The weakness of this writing, then, is the fact that it addresses the reader and forces them to be the character, which may work fine if the reader relates to everything the character does. The minute they don’t, they’re going to struggle to keep reading and are, most likely, going to quit reading.

Third Person POV

This option has a few strengths. First of all, it allows the writer to have multiple viewpoints in a chapter. Because third person can easily differentiate between characters if the writer has done a good job with the work, it isn’t necessary to wait to change viewpoints until the beginning of a new chapter. A scene break will work fine. The other major strength is that it allows for a larger cast of characters. You can fit more of them within a chapter to show what’s going on in various places, so novels with a lot of characters and a large scope of events in varying locations are usually better suited to this POV option. It’s also strong because it gives room for not knowing why a viewpoint character did something. If you need to keep it secret, it’s much easier to simply write a scene in another viewpoint character’s perspective than it is to write the whole chapter in the other character’s perspective to hide an intent from the reader.

However, despite those strengths, third person does have the weakness of distance. It isn’t as close to the character as first person, and so readers may feel shut out of the character’s head at times, which could cause problems for relating with that character. Good writers can work around this issue with internal dialogue and other techniques, such as deep pov, which will be discussed in a later article, but it still falls under the weakness category.

Omniscient POV

Last, but not least, we have omniscient POV. This one’s biggest strength is the fact that it allows for a third party as the narrator, one who is seeing everything and knows everything but is not in the story. This allows a writer to give readers a much fuller picture of what’s going on than they might otherwise receive in another POV. Of course, the issue with is that you sacrifice the ability to delve into any one character’s thoughts. Instead, the narrator must tell us that Sally thought Jim was a nuisance or that Justin found Pete to be a tolerable roommate. This POV’s strength lies in the fact that it allows for some very interesting commentary and a humorous effect, in many cases, but it sacrifices the closeness with the characters in exchange. It also means the author must keep the entire narration in the voice of that narrator, not the voice of the author or the character. That can be exhausting, and it forces the author to constantly check to be sure they aren’t including anything unnecessary. Readers won’t have a high tolerance for extraneous information, so the author has to be sure that all commentary fits with the story without bogging it down. The author, then, is the filter for what is and is not important, not what the character would or would not know.

Conclusion

Hopefully this has been helpful to everyone!  If you have other strengths and weaknesses for these viewpoints that you can add, feel free to leave them in the comments! Have a question or a suggestion for a future Thursday Technicalities post? Leave that in the comments as well or send me an email at arielpaiement@gmail.com. I’d love to hear from you!

Thursday Technicalities: bringing Flat Characters to Life

Ariel Paiement

Introduction

One of the things writers of all levels can run into is the problem of flat characters. Characters can be flat because they haven’t been characterized in a way that makes them stand out, or they can end up flat because they’re cliche and boring. This is especially concerning if your main characters are the ones that end up flat. So, how do you bring a flat character to life? Let’s take a look at some of the common issues and ways to fix them so the character has a life of their own.

Voice

Last week, we talked about voice as a method of characterization. This is one place where a character can go flat. If they sound just like everyone else in the entire novel, they’re not going to stand out. Obviously, if the problem runs that deep, other characters will also be flat. But the problem might only extend to one or two characters that readers can’t distinguish between because of their similarity in voice. This is still a major problem if it’s occurring with main characters.

I won’t go into great length about voice since it’s already covered in my last article here. Review that to see how you can effectively use voice to provide characterization that is solid and unique to each character.

Direct Characterization

The next thing that could happen is having no direct characterization for a character. Direct characterization is when the author tells the reader something about the character.

This is one that I personally recommend avoiding for the most part, but sometimes there’s good reason to use it. If it’s something we would never learn otherwise but need to know, for example, the author might choose to tell us that fact about the character. Note that this particular type of characterization won’t work for deep-point-of-view because deep POV focuses on eliminating the author’s voice and diving into the character’s point-of-view exclusively.

Indirect Characterization

This one is far more important than direct characterization for bringing a flat character to life. Indirect characterization focuses on all the things we learn about a character through little quirks, repeated actions, or recurring phrases and words. In this method, the character reveals himself or herself a piece at a time through concrete actions and behaviors, not through the author’s say-so.

If a character is feeling flat, there’s a good possibility this is what’s missing. The little habits, oddities, and nuances of a person is what makes them unique, and that’s equally true of a character.

This technique also has the added benefit of allowing the reader to draw their own conclusions and fill the character in with the broad strokes of their imagination, which often results in a more vivid picture for the reader than telling them directly does.

Another important note about indirect characterization is that it can include physical descriptions. Perhaps a character has a particular scar or marking on their body that bears significance to them and continually reminds them of how or why they got it. That can result in indirect characterization because that scar or marking acts as a vehicle to deliver information to the reader regarding that character.

Emotional Depth and Motivation

Another possible problem with your characterization is that they lack emotional depth and motivation. This problem can be the result of a cliche character. It happens a lot with books that focus on character types that have been overused. Think books with main characters like the bad boy, good girl, nerd, or any of the paranormal tropes such as vampires, werewolves, or witches.

Now, it isn’t that those character types can’t be given depth. They can. But often, writers slip into the cliche because it’s easier, and they forget to make the character unique. Emotional depth and motivation can help with this.

Revealing a character’s mindset and giving them just the right mix of emotional qualities can take a cliche character type and make it into an actual three-dimensional character that readers can relate to. Their emotional depth and how they respond to emotional stimuli provides the motivation for their actions in many cases. Even when people are at their most rational, emotion will factor in.

So if your character is feeling flat, check to make sure that your reader can connect to your character on an emotional level and can understand what motivates your character. Often, describing a character through their emotional state can be much more image-evoking than a physical one.

Change

This last one is the biggest problem that can lead to a flat character. If your character doesn’t change throughout the novel and is relatively uncomplicated, they are the definition of flat. The simplest way to fix the problem is to make sure they have a character arc. Make sure that by the end of the story, the character has changed, either for better or worse, and has learned something, ideally. There really isn’t much else you can do to fix this, but if you do that, then your character should be headed in a much more three-dimensional direction.

Conclusion

Though there are many reasons why a character may end up feeling flat, I’ve done my best to cover the main reasons why it happens. Do you have other reasons you’ve found for why a character ends up flat or ways to fix flat characters? If so, feel free to share them in the comments below! If you have something you’d like to see on Thursday Technicalities that I haven’t covered yet, feel free to send me an email or leave it in the comments.

Thursday Technicalities: Voice as a Method of Characterization

Ariel Paiement

Introduction

This week, we’re shifting gears to talk a little bit about voice as a method of characterization. We’re going to go over how you can use a character’s voice in the novel to characterize them and how you can do it well. Too often, we see those authors who choose strange spellings and awkwardly phrased sentences to get across the idea that a character is foreign or has a unique quality to them. While we appreciate the effort put into characterization, we’ve all seen it go wrong when it becomes unwieldy and difficult to understand. My hope is that this post will help you to better understand how you can go about using a character’s voice properly to characterize them.

What is Voice?

To begin with, we need to understand what voice is and is not. 

First, what it is not. Voice is not your writing style in this case. While you do have a writer’s voice that develops with time as you write, that isn’t what this article is about. It also isn’t about the dialogue of a character, specifically, though dialogue is a part of voice.

Voice, in this case, refers to the unique way that the character thinks and speaks. If you’re writing in deep point-of-view, something I will discuss briefly next week when I go over bringing flat characters to life (and more in depth about a month and a half from now when I discuss the different points-of-view), this is a little easier to utilize because the character’s thoughts and unique phrasings or sayings will shine through even in third person. Otherwise, unless you’re writing in first person, you’re going to be using voice mainly in internal and external dialogue. 

Using Voice

Now that you know what voice is, how can you use it properly? This is a little bit more tricky to explain, but I’ll go over a few do’s and don’ts for you to make things a little easier.

  • As a general rule of thumb, don’t make a lot of changes to spellings of words for dialect. Dropping the ‘g’ on the end of a word here in there (endin’ instead of ending) is fine, but don’t go crazy. Use specific phrases or occasional changes to spelling to hint at a character’s dialect or nationality, but avoid doing so in a way that makes it difficult to understand them.
  • Don’t overdo on the unique phrases or catchwords. You want the reader to be in on the unique culture of the character, and the best way to include them is not to throw a bunch of phrases or slang at them that they can’t possibly understand just yet. Sprinkle things throughout, and pick some specific words or phrases your character is going to use a lot. Then stick with it.
  • Do be consistent. If you’re going to change spellings, make sure you do it everywhere in the same way. Otherwise, you’ll just confuse people.
  • If you’re writing in deep point-of-view, do include these little phrases or character-unique words in the narrative itself. The whole point of deep point-of-view is to allow the narrator to entirely disappear so that the reader will be so immersed in the character that they feel as if they’re right there as the character, experiencing everything. Using the character’s catch phrases in the narration here and there or narrating things in a way that shows character-unique mannerisms all contribute to the voice of the character and to that sense of immersion for the reader.

The Importance of Voice

Having characters with strong or memorable voices is really important. It makes the difference between an okay book and a phenomenal one. Why? Because long after the plot has faded from our minds as readers, we will remember characters and the impressions they left us with, the words they said that made an impact, and the voice they had in our heads throughout the story. We’ll remember them because they were memorable.

But that’s only possible if they have something about them, about their voice, that we can hold onto and store away in our memory for some other day. You want to do that with your characters so your readers can remember your characters long after they’ve parted ways with your novel.

So while it is work to write in a voice not your own (not to mention developing it and keeping it consistent), it brings your story to life in a way many other things can’t. It may be a technical aspect of writing, but it’s as important as the less concrete aspects of the craft.

Conclusion

Voice can be tricky to nail down for some characters. Others may come easy. What are some of your favorite ways to get yourself into the mindset and voice of your character while you write? Is it something you find hard or easy? I’d love to hear what all of you think. Leave your comments in the comment section below! And as always, if you have a topic you’d like to see me cover on The Fantasy Nook, feel free to email me with the idea. If it fits well, you may just see your blog post idea covered on here.